Thursday, March 3, 2016

Astros Retrospective: 1980s

Astros By Decade
1980-1989


Rainbow Uniforms (1980-1986)


Rainbow Sleeve Uniforms (1987-1989)


Now we're talking, this is the team I grew up watching.  The 1980s were the first decade of significant success for the Astros.  They made the playoffs three times, in a decade of amazing parity in all of baseball.  They spent the majority of the first half of the decade in the top half of the league, then started a downturn that lasted into the 1990s. 
As usual, the calling card of the Astros was dominant pitching.  Mike Scott, brought over from the Mets, turned into one of the best pitchers in the league in the middle of the decade.  Nolan Ryan, the first million dollar man, came home and did not disappoint.  Well, maybe his records did, but that was because for some reason they had him on a strict pitch count limit and the bullpen often dropped games for him or the offense did not do enough to back up his effort. 
The Astros made the playoffs for the first time in 1980.  They tied for first place in the National League West, and beat the Dodgers in a one-game playoff to face the Phillies in the NLCS.  The Astros went up 2-1 in the series, and had a 2-0 lead in game four before giving up three runs in the top of the eighth.  They tied it with a run in the bottom of the ninth to send the game into extra innings, in which they promptly gave up two runs to lose it.  Game five in Houston looked like another win as they had a 5-2 lead going into the eighth.  Once again the bullpen failed, giving up five runs.  The Astros again tied it with two in the bottom of the inning, and eventually lost in the tenth.  All of this may have been avoided if not for the devastating loss of J.R. Richard.  While throwing before the game on July 30, he collapsed on the field from a stroke.  He would never pitch again.  After losing in the League Championship Series for the second time in seven seasons in 1986, it would take another ten years for the Astros to return to the postseason with the new crop of talent.

Record:  819-750, .522

Best Year:  1986 (96-66, 1st of 6, reached NLCS)
            Honestly it's a toss-up between 1986 and 1980, the first year the Astros made the playoffs.  I give 1986 the edge because they had a better record and they took the World Series winning Mets to the brink, and probably should have won.  Overall it was probably a better team, though maybe not if Richard had played the rest of '80.

Worst Year:  1982 (77-85, 5th of 6)

Team of the Decade:

C:  Alan Ashby (1980-1989)  The starting or co-starting catcher for basically the entire decade.  His best full season was 1987, when he hit 14 home runs with a .288/.367/.438 slash line.  From all accounts he was also quite good behind the plate.

1B:  Glenn Davis (1984-1989)  The "Big Bopper," probably the Astros' best first baseman until a certain future Hall of Famer showed up.  Had three years of 30+ home runs in the 1980s playing half his games in the Astrodome, not an easy feat.

2B:  Bill Doran (1982-1989)  The starter for most of the decade, and the first constant at the position since Joe Morgan.  Received MVP votes three years in a row, and always had a good BB/SO ratio.

3B:  Phil Garner (1983-1987)  "Scrap Iron" was a tough player who found himself on a number of good teams throughout the years.  He sported one of the great mustaches in Astros history.  Unfortunately his success did not pan out in the dugout.

SS:  Dickie Thon (1981-1987)  One of the great "what if" stories in baseball history, his 1983 season showed just how good he could have been.  A beaning in April 1984 forever changed his career.

LF:  Jose Cruz (1980-1988)  Ask any Astros fan from the 1980s, and one of their fondest memories has to be "CRUUUUUZ" being yelled in the Astrodome, making him one of the most beloved players in franchise history.  He had a tendency to wear his cap loose on the top of his head so it always flew off when he raced down flyballs.  He has been featured a number of times in lists of "could have been Hall of Famers if" he hadn't played in the Astrodome.

CF:  Billy Hatcher (1986-1989)  It always surprises me how short he actually played for the Astros, because it seemed like he was always on the team when I was growing up.  He was the center of a solid outfield in the last half of the decade.

RF:  Terry Puhl (1980-1989)  Superb defender who transitioned from the everyday right fielder in the first half of the decade to the fourth outfielder in the second half when Kevin Bass took over.  He was never a great hitter, but he was good enough to stick around for 15 years.  He also was the first Canadian that I was aware of in the Major Leagues, so there's that.

SP:  Mike Scott (1983-1989)  His 1986 to 1989 stretch is one of the best four years for an Astros starter ever.  Of course the highlight was the no-hitter to clinch the 1986 West Division.  Unfortunately he was only able to make two starts in the playoffs, which cost them a spot in the World Series.

SP:  Nolan Ryan (1980-1988)  The man in Houston for a decade, the most beloved Texan for a generation of baseball fans.  He twice led the league in ERA, once with an 11-5 record, once with an 8-16 record.  This highlights the stupidity of the front office's strict pitch count limit.  People who deride his won-lost record A.) put too much stock in that stat, B.) do not talk about the pitch count, and C.) do not talk about how he pitched for some pretty mediocre teams for his entire career.

SP:  Bob Knepper (1981-1988)  Had three solid years from 1984 to 1986, then a steep decline.  He helped to make that mid-80s rotation probably the best in franchise history.

SP:  Joe Niekro (1980-1985)  The "other" Niekro averaged 16 wins between 1982 and 1984.  He was a relief pitcher for much of the early part of his career and did not become a full member of the rotation until joining Houston, where he proved very durable.

SP:  Jim Deshaies (1986-1989)  Never a great pitcher, he did win 49 games over these four years in Houston.  Perhaps now better known as a broadcaster who likes to come up with odd lineups (a.k.a. the "All Love" Valentine's lineup).  My favorite story was when the Astros were playing the Reds with an outfield of Dmitri Young, Mike Frank, and Chris Stynes; he noted they had a Young Frank 'n' Stynes outfield.  Unfortunately it seems the uptight Cubs fans have not taken to him as much as Astros fans did.

CL:  Dave Smith (1980-1989)  The Astros' first true ace closer, he had some very good seasons in the middle of the 80s.


Notable Performances:
Dickie Thon 1983: .286/.341/.457, 20 HR, 79 RBIs, 28 2Bs, 34 SBs, 127 OPS+
Jose Cruz 1983: .318/.385/.463, 14 HR, 92 RBIs, 28 2Bs, 30 SBs, 142 OPS+
Kevin Bass 1986:  .311/.357/.486, 20 HR, 79 RBIs, 33 2Bs, 22 SBs, 134 OPS+
Glenn Davis 1989:  .269/.350/.492, 34 HR, 89 RBIs, 26 2Bs, 142 OPS+
Mike Scott 1986:  18-10, 2.22 ERA, 0.92 WHIP,  7 CG, 275 IP, 306 K, 161 ERA+
Nolan Ryan 1981:  11-5, 1.69 ERA, 1.12 WHIP, 5 CG, 149 IP, 140 K, 195 ERA+
Joe Niekro 1982: 17-12, 2.47 ERA, 1.07 WHIP, 16 CG, 270 IP, 130 K, 135 ERA+
Dave Smith 1987:  2-3-24, 1.65 ERA, 1.00 WHIP, 60 IP, 73 K, 239 ERA+

Best Trade:
Danny Heep to the Mets for Mike Scott (December 10, 1982)
            They got an ace, and gave up a fourth outfielder.  This is one of a number of good trades during the decade, including those for Bob Knepper and Mark Portugal.

Worst Trade:
Joaquin Andujar to the Cardinals for Tony Scott (June 7, 1981)
            Andujar went from a long relief/spot starter for the Astros to having three very good years out of four plus for the Cardinals.  It would be interesting to see his 1984/1985 added to the Scott/Ryan/Knepper/Niekro pitching rotation.  After the half year in '81, Scott was a well below average center fielder for a full season in '82 and partial seasons the next two years.  The good news is, this was the only really bad trade of the decade, reversing the trend of the previous two.

Best Draft:
1987
            1st round (22nd overall) Craig Biggio
            2nd round (54th overall) Randy Hennis - two picks later Pete Schourek
            12th round (313th overall) Andy Mota - eleven picks later Steve Finley
            16th round (417th overall) Al Osuna
            30th round (781st overall) Darryl Kile
            34th round (883rd overall) Scott Erickson - did not sign

By far the best draft to date, and it would have been even with just Biggio.  Kile made it two All Star players in one draft...29 rounds apart!  The next year wasn't too bad either, getting Scott Servais in the 3rd  round and Luis Gonzalez in the 4th round, plus Dave Silvestri late in the 2nd round, whom they later sent to the Yankees for Orlando Miller, whom they later packaged in the deal to the Tigers that netted Brad Ausmus, Jose Lima, Daryle Ward, and others.  That being said, they completely whiffed with their first two picks (Willie Ansley, one pick before Jim Abbot and three before Robin Ventura; and Mica Lewis).  Oh yes, and they also took Kenny Lofton in the 17th round, which would have put the 1988 draft over the top if they hadn't traded him away in a stupid deal a few years later.


Worst Draft:
1981
           

Not one pick made the bigs.

Sunday, February 28, 2016

Year in Movies: 2015

The Oscars are today.  For the first time in a long time, that sentence means little to me.  Not because of the "too white" boycott, but because I did not see many movies this year.  That being said, I still wanted to hand out fake awards to the best of the year from what I know.

First, the scores.  Overall the year was a bit...underwhelming.  There were some good ones, and one in particular was played over and over as I drove around the Midwest this summer.  But, at least there is enough to make this list:

Scores

Best Action: San Andreas (Andrew Lockington)
Best Family Movie: Inside Out (Michael Giacchino)
Best Drama: Bridge of Spies (Thomas Newman)
Best Science Fiction: Mad Max: Fury Road (Junkie XL)
Best Superhero:  Ant-Man (Christophe Beck)
Best Overall:  Bridge of Spies (Thomas Newman)
Track of the Year: Brothers in Arms (Mad Max: Fury Road, Junkie XL)

Composer of the Year: Michael Giachhino

San Andreas was a huge surprise, I finally listened to it a few weeks ago and was blown away.  Mad Max was my driving go-to score this summer.  Bridge of Spies was a great example of a composer (Newman) being inspired by another composer (John Williams), yet keeping it his own.  Other good scores not mentioned here: The Good Dinosaur, In the Heart of the Sea, Jurassic World, Kingsman, Mission: Impossible-Rogue Nation, Star Wars: The Force Awakens.

Now, for the movies.  Again, I did not see many this year (full list at the bottom), but there was enough to fill out the awards:

Movies

Motion Picture:  Ex Machina
Director:  George Miller (Mad Max: Fury Road)
Actor:  Matt Damon (The Martian)
Supporting Actor:  Mark Rylance (Bridge of Spies)
Actress:  Alicia Vikander (Ex Machina)
Supporting Actress:  Rebecca Ferguson (Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation)
Cinematography: Mad Max
Ensemble:  Ant-Man
Action Sequence:  The Cavern (Mad Max: Fury Road)
Funniest: Ant-Man
Most Emotional:  Inside Out

Must Watch:  Ex Machina, Mad Max: Fury Road, Mission: Impossible-Rogue Nation, Star Wars: The Force Awakens

Very Good:  Bridge of Spies, Inside Out, The Martian

Entertaining:  Ant-Man, Jurassic World, Spectre, The Good Dinosaur

Disappointing:  Avengers: Age of Ultron, Pitch Perfect 2, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 2

Please Don't Waste Your Time:  Fantastic Four, Terminator Genisys

Ex Machina admittedly is not for everyone, nor is Mad Max.  The unfortunate thing for Spectre was, after a great opening scene, it seemed like a less interesting version of Rogue Nation.  Fantastic Four was one of the worst superhero movies I've seen, and Terminator was a ridiculous mess.  Thankfully I watched the former on a plane and the latter I rented for 99 cents, so I did not waste too much money on them.

And finally, some movies to hopefully look forward to in 2016:

10 Cloverfield Lane
Batman v Superman
The Jungle Book
Captain America: Civil War
Finding Dory
Independence Day Resurgence
The BFG
The Legend of Tarzan
Star Trek Beyond
Jasone Bourne
Suicide Squad
Doctor Strange
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Rogue One
Assassin's Creed
Passengers

Friday, February 26, 2016

Astros Retrospective: 1970s

Astros By Decade
1970-1979


Blue Shooting Star (1970)


Orange Shooting Star (1971-1974)


Rainbow Uniforms (1975-1979)


Take out 1975, and the 1970s was a decade of stability as the Astros stayed around .500 and either third or fourth place.  Finally, in 1979, the Astros stepped up by winning 89 games and reaching second place, only 1.5 games out of first place.  It was a sign of things to come, as the Astros would begin two and a half decades of sustained success.  It's interesting to think just how could they could have been if they still had Joe Morgan, Rusty Staub, Mike Cuellar, John Mayberry, and the like.
The 1970s in Houston were dominated by a few star players.  Cesar Cedeno, J.R. Richard, and Bob Wastson would be the center piece of the franchise for the majority of the decade.  Doug Rader and Roger Metzger solidified the left side of the infield, contributing greatly to the stability.  The upswing at the end of the decade was aided largely by the success of Richard, Joe Niekro, and Joe Sambito, as well as the addition of guys like Alan Ashby, Jose Cruz, and Terry Puhl.

Record:  793-817, .492

Best Year:  1979 (89-73, 2nd of 6)

Worst Year:  1975 (64-97-1, 6th of 6)

Team of the Decade:

C:  Johnny Edwards (1970-1974)  Basically three full seasons and two part time seasons of decent offense.  There's not much to choose from here.

1B:  Bob Watson (1970, 1975-1979)  Some pretty good seasons here, a .808 OPS in his years in Houston.

2B:  Tommy Helms (1972-1975)  After trading Joe Morgan, the Astros struggled at this position until they got...Joe Morgan back in 1980.

3B:  Doug Rader (1970-1975)  Three twenty home run seasons, not an easy feat in the Astrodome in the 70s.

SS:  Roger Metzger (1971-1978)  The Texas native was the full time shortstop for basically the whole decade.

LF:  Bob Watson (1971-1974)  A .300 average and .800 OPS over these four seasons.

CF:  Cesar Cedeno (1970-1979)  One of the best all time Astros, he had over 1600 hits, 343 doubles, 55 triples, and nearly 500 stolen bases with a .805 OPS in his career in Houston.

RF:  Jimmy Wynn (1970-1973)  1970 and 1972 were very good, 1971 and 1973 not nearly as good.  He had one more good season for the Dodgers in 1974 before hanging on for just three more seasons.

SP:  J.R. Richard (1971-1979)  After a slow start to his career, by 1976, his only 20 win season, he was one of the best starters in the league.  The very unfortunate on field stroke in 1980 ended what could have been a Hall of Fame career.  Over 300 strikeouts in 1978 and 1979 with 9.9 and 9.6 strikeouts per nine innings.

SP:  Larry Dierker (1970-1976)  Not as good as his 1960s, but still a solid starter over six seasons.

SP:  Don Wilson (1970-1974)  His 1971 and 1972 seasons were very good.

SP:  Dave Roberts (1972-1975)  On this list largely due to his 1973 season (17-11, 2.85 ERA, over 249 innings) but he had three other good seasons.

SP:  Joe Niekro (1975-1979)  Largely a relief pitcher until 1977, he won 21 games in 1979 for the first of back-to-back twenty win seasons.  Interestingly he would peak in his mid- to late-30s.

CL:  Joe Sambito (1976-1979)  The Astros' first great relief pitcher, his 1979 season (see below) was key to their very successful season.


Notable Performances:
Cesar Cedeno 1972: .320/.385/.537, 22 HR, 82 RBI, 39 2B, 8 3B, 55 SB, 162 OPS+
Denis Menke 1970: .304/.392/.441, 13 HR, 92 RBI, 26 2B, 82 BB, 127 OPS+
Jimmy Wynn 1970: .282/.394/.493, 27 HR, 88 RBI, 32 2B, 24 SB, 106 BB, 141 OPS+
Bob Watson 1973: .312/.403/.449, 16 HR, 94 RBI, 24 2B, 85 BB, 137 OPS+
J.R. Richard 1979:  18-13, 2.71 ERA, 1.09 WHIP, 19 CG, 292 IP, 313 K, 130 ERA+
Don Wilson 1971: 16-10, 2.45 ERA, 1.02 WHIP, 18 CG, 268 IP, 180 K, 138 ERA+
Joe Niekro 1979: 21-11, 3.00 ERA, 1.24 WHIP, 11 CG, 264 IP, 119 K, 117 ERA+
Joe Sambito 1979: 8-7-22, 1.77 ERA, 1.13 WHIP, 91 IP, 83 K, 199 ERA+

Best Trade:
Joe Cannon, Pete Hernandez, and Mark Lemongello to the Blue Jays for Alan Ashby (November 27, 1978)
            They gave up not much for an everyday catcher for the next ten years, not to mention a pretty good announcer for the next few decades.

Worst Trade:
Joe Morgan, Cesar Geronimo, Jack Billingham, Ed Armbrister, and Denis Menke to the Reds for Tommy Helms, Lee May, and Jimmy Stewart (November 29,1971)
            One of the worst trades you will see.  One of the all time great middle infielders, a solid starting pitcher, and a good outfielder for three seasons of adequate play at first base and three and a half not very good play at second base.  Using baseball-reference, this was a -82.8 WAR trade for the Astros.  That's terrible.

Best Draft:
1976
            1st round (1st overall) Floyd Bannister
            3rd round (49th overall) Reggie Baldwin
            4th round (73rd overall) Jim Pankovits
            8th round (169th overall) Dave Smith
            17th round (385th overall) Bert Roberge

Floyd Bannister, after two MLB seasons, was traded for Craig Reynolds.  Bert Roberge had a good relief season of 32 innings in 1979.  So basically their best drafted netted them a very good closer (Smith), a decent shortstop (Reynolds), a utility player (Pankovits), and half a good season from a relief pitcher.


Worst Draft:
1971
            1st round (12th overall) Neil Rasmussen - next pick Frank Tanana, George Brett and Mike Schmidt in the second round
            2nd round (36th overall) Art Gardner
            3rd round (58th overall) Paul Siebert - 7 picks later Ron Guidry
            4th round (82nd overall) David Warburton
            5th round (106th overall) James Donker
            6th round (130th overall) Marc Cochran
            You get the idea.

Art Gardner had a total of 96 ABs for the Astros in 1975 and 1977, hitting .167/.216/.167.  Paul Siebert pitched 69 innings over three seasons with a 1-5 record, 3.25 ERA, and 1.514 WHIP for the Astros.


1970 and 1972 and 1974 and 1975 and 1977 weren't much better, but they did not have the talent of 1971.

Friday, February 19, 2016

Astros Retrospective: 1960s

Pitchers and catchers reported yesterday, that first great step towards the beginning of the 2016 MLB season.  In preparation for what should be a good year in Houston, I wanted to start a little decade-by-decade retrospective of Astros baseball history.

We start with the 1960s.  The Houston Colt .45s were created as an expansion team to begin in 1962.
 They played their games in the open air Colt Stadium.
 They quickly realized an open air stadium in Houston, with its humidity, mosquitoes, and rattlesnakes, was probably not a good idea, thus beginning construction on the first domed stadium: the Astrodome.

Nicknamed the Eighth Wonder of the World, the Astrodome ushered in a new era of ugly, cookie-cutter stadiums that could be used for both baseball and football.  There were plenty of problems.  The ceiling was too bright and blinded the outfielders, so portions of the dome were darkened.  But that made the grass die, so Monsanto invented Astroturf, leading to decades of knee problems all over the country.

With the new stadium came a new identity.  The Houston ball club decided that instead of looking to the past, they needed to look towards the future as the new home of the Manned Spacecraft Center.  They finally settled on the name "Astros," a name apparently already used by the NASA baseball team.

The decade was one of fits and starts.  They started off better than their expansion counterparts, the Mets, but with a .500 record best finish in 1969 they had clearly sunk below the Miracle Mets.  There was plenty of young talent on the team, but thanks to poor management decisions it would take another decade before they would taste the playoffs, while many of the young stars saw glory elsewhere.

Astros By Decade
1962-1969

Record:  555-739 .428

Best Year:  1969 (81-81, 5th of 6)

Worst Year:  1965 (65-97, 9th of 10)

Team of the Decade:

C: John Bateman (1963-1968)  His 1966 season is one of the best for a catcher in Astros' history.

1B:  Rusty Staub (1963-1964, 1968)  The first star in Astros' history, reportedly traded for using a racial slur.

2B:  Joe Morgan (1963-1969)  His second place finish as Rookie of the Year in 1965 is still one of the worst decisions of a major award in baseball history.  Should have been the nucleus of the Astros' first postseason runs in the 1970s, but instead led the Reds because manager Harry "Dixie" Walker was too racist to handle so many black players.

3B:  Bob Aspromonte (1962-1968)  Never had a truly great season, but good enough to hold down the position for most of the decade.

SS:  Sonny Jackson (1963-1967)  This has never been a strong position for the Astros, but he was second in the Rookie of the Year vote in 1966.

LF:  Al Spangler (1962-1965)  His first two seasons, in Colt Stadium, were not bad. 

CF:  Jimmy Wynn (1963-1969)  Would have been a Sabremetric poster boy if it was around in the 1960s and 70s.  It would have been great to see what he could have done if he hadn't played essentially his entire career in the Astrodome and Dodger Stadium.

RF:  Rusty Staub (1965-1967)  His 1967 season in particular is quite fantastic, especially for the Astrodome.

SP:  Larry Dierker (1964-1969)  The Astros' first stud ace, his 1969 season was the first Cy Young-type season, though he did not get any votes despite some MVP votes.

SP:  Turk Farrell (1962-1966)  Had two outstanding years and two very good years but bad won-loss records because the offense was so terrible.

SP:  Mike Cuellar (1965-1968)  Just a game over .500 for the Astros but his other numbers were quite good.  Sure he was going into his age 32 season, but surely he was worth more than just Curt Blefary (who himself only lasted a year before being traded for Joe Pepitone, who was gone after half a year.)

SP:  Ken Johnson (1962-1965)  The Colt .45s had some serious arms but no offense to back them up.

SP:  Don Wilson (1966-1969)  A career Astro, had better years in the next decade.

CL:  Hal Woodeshick (1963-1965)  Not much to choose from here.  His 1963 season was very good (11-9-10, 1.97 ERA, 1.03 WHIP, 94 Ks in 114 innings).


Notable Performances:
Jimmy Wynn 1969:  .269/.436/.507, 33 HR, 87 RBI, 23 SB, 148 BB, 166 OPS+
Joe Morgan 1965:  .271/.373/.418, 14 HR, 40 RBI, 22 2B, 12 3B, 20 SB, 97 BB, 131 OPS+
Rusty Staub 1967:  .333/.398/.473, 10 HR, 74 RBI, 44 2B, 60 BB, 153 OPS+
Larry Dierker 1969: 20-13, 2.33 ERA, 1.02 WHIP, 305 IP, 20 CG, 232 K, 152 ERA+ 
Mike Cuellar 1966:  12-10-2, 2.22 ERA, 1.08 WHIP, 227 IP, 11 CG, 175 K, 155 ERA+
Turk Farrell 1963: 14-13-1, 3.02 ERA, 0.97 WHIP, 202 IP, 12 CG, 141 K, 105 ERA+

Best Trade:
Chuck Harrison and Sonny Jackson to the Braves for Denny Lemaster and Denis Menke (October 8, 1967)
Not a "great" trade, Menke had a couple of good years but never as good as when in Atlanta.  There's not a lot of good here.

Worst Trade:
Rusty Staub to the Expos for Jesus Alou, Jack Billingham, and Skip Guinn (January 22, 1969)
The Cuellar trade was pretty bad as well, but this was terrible, and made worse when Donn Clendenon refused to go to Houston thanks to the racist manager (instead he went to New York and won a World Series).

Best Draft:
1966
            1st round (3rd overall) Wayne Twitchell
            5th round (83rd overall) Cliff Johnson
            8th round (143rd overall) Fred Stanley

In the early years of the draft, that's as good as it gets.  Most of the best prospects were still signed outside the draft.

Worst Draft:
1965
            1st round (4th overall) Alex Barrett - 3 picks later Ray Fosse
            2nd round (24th overall) Keith Lampard - 12 picks later Johnny Bench
            3rd round (44th overall) Jim Monin - 9 picks later Andy Messersmith
            4th round (76th overall) Pat Jacquez
            5th round (96th overall) Billy Martin (not that one)
            6th round (116th overall) David Fyle - next pick Hal McRae
            7th round (136th overall) Ken Chelini
            8th round (156th overall) Dan Rudanovich
            9th round (176th overall) Larry Hall
            10th round (196th overall) Danny Walton
            11th round (216th overall) Gary Gentry (did not sign, finally signed by Mets 1967)
            18th round (356th overall) Tom Murphy (did not sign, signed by Angels 1967)


Keith Lampard was only pick to play "significant" time for the Astros, totaling 84 ABs over two seasons.  A complete bust of a draft.